The Tendency Toward Industrial Consolidation in the United States

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Excerpt from The Tendency Toward Industrial Consolidation in the United States: Thesis in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in EconomicsBut what is it in the figures which shows concentration? The averages for each establishment is taken as the criterion. In this paper a comparative summary of each industry, covering several censuses, will be given, in which the following items will appear, - the year, the number of establishments, the total capital, the average number of wage earners for the entire industry, the total wages paid, and the total value of the pro~ duct, and in addition a table showing the per cent of increase. In the several industries studied there is no item except the number of establishments, which shows a decrease save in one instance where there was a decrease in the number of wage earn~ ers, and this did not mean a retrogression in that industry, but improvements in methods'of production for none of the other items show anw¿¿ing but a steady increase. A more important table is the one giving the average per establishment. This is arranged so as to show the year and the number of establish - ments, and the average per establishment, of capital, wage earn~ ers, wages, and value of product. In an article in the Yale Review for May, 1898, in a paper on the subgect of concentra - tion, Brefeeser Willoughby bemoans the fact that there was no data showing the number of establishments employing various num bers of wage earners, which the twelfth census says is a more exact and scientific method of measuring the size of manufac - turing establishments. Whether or not Professor Willoughby has anything to do with it, it nevertheless appears in the cen -About the PublisherForgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.comThis book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully, any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.