System of Universal Geography, Vol. 2 (Classic Reprint)

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Excerpt from System of Universal Geography, Vol. 2The Thracian Bosphorus (properly Bosporor), or Channel of Constantinople, forms the only outlet of, and entrance to the Black Sea. It Opens, with a narrow channel, only a mile and and a half wide, in the s.w. Corner of that sea, and extends, about 20 miles, to the sea of Marmora. Its width varies from less than 3-4ths of a mile to 2} miles, it forms in fact the finest river in the world, with a constant current ¿owing southward. Its banks are high, exhibiting everywhere the most beautiful scenery, and lined with an almost continuous range of towns and villages. The windin of its shores occasions strong eddies and currents, which are sometimes so rapid, that it is scarce y possible for ships to make way by tacking, , in their course to the Black Sea, though, in returning, the current will carry them downwards even against the south wind. Northern winds are, however, more frequent than those from the south, and vessels from the Mediterranean are often detained by them for months in the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus, which they may easily pass in a couple of days with a favour able breeze. At its southern extremity the current of the Bosphorus strikes upon the Seraglio point, which divides it into two portions, one of which ¿ows westward into the Golden Horn, or harbour of Constantinople, while the main body of the water ¿ows onward to the Sea of Marmora.The Sea of Marmara (ancient Propontis), measures in its greatest length, from Gallipoli to Ismid, about 170 miles, and in its greatest breadth, to the eastward of the 28° meridian, 48. It is indeed but an inland lake, though salt, for it is formed by the waters of the Black Sea which are poured into it through the Bosphorus, and transmitted to the Archipelago by another channel as narrow, the Helles pont or Dardanelles. It has considerable depth. Five miles N. E. Of Marmora, it has 133 fathoms of water, and, at the same distance north, no bottom was found with 355. The shores are cultivated and picturesque those of the Asiatic side are bolder than the European. The navigation is not difficult, it is enerally free from danger, and good anchorage may be found along its northern shore and nu der s elter of the islands. It contains a large peninsula on the south coast, and several large islands, from one of which (marmara, or Marble island) it takes its name.About the PublisherForgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.comThis book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully, any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.