Socializing Development

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As Multilateral Development Banks have gained influence in shaping the global development in recent decades, transnational social movements pushed to hold them accountable for their human rights impact towards affected communities. This book presents a novel causal mechanism of movement advocacy that combines disruptive (outside) with conventional (inside) tactics. Systematically comparing the institutionalization of the World Bank Inspection Panel in the early 1990s with its »safeguards« reform from 2012-2016, it reveals how the combination of 1) the declining US hegemony, 2) the counter-mobilization by China and 3) movement cooptation led to a dilution of human rights accountability in 2016.