Shifting Employment

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Reporting on the national investigations of undeclared labor in 10 European countries, this study analyzes the variety of forms of black labor in the construction industry. From the evidence of the reports, the highest incidence of undeclared labor relates to work carried out by workers in addition to their regular job. The status of self-employment is abused, with unethical practices by national citizens as well as foreign "independent" workers entering the market through labor-only subcontracting. This publication includes desktop research, a summary of the findings with conclusions, and the experts' 10 country reports.