Role of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in Smooth Muscle

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Smooth muscle contraction is a vital component of the functioning of blood vessels, the uterus, airways and the bladder. Its malfunction can lead to serious pathological conditions, such as hypertension and pre-term labour. The calcium ion plays a central role in its function, increasing in concentration for contraction and decreasing for relaxation. The source of calcium is through entry across the surface membrane and release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). However, recent data have challenged the view that the SR is simply a source and sink of calcium ions. Indeed, the SR probably also acts to limit contraction, via ion channel-based feedback mechanisms. This book explores the latest research on the role of the SR in smooth muscle function. Separate chapters examine the relationship between calcium release and inhibition and/or promotion of contraction, the control and modulation of the SR in smooth muscle and the extent to which the SR may vary between smooth muscles. Potential therapeutic implications of this research are discussed. With contributions from an international group of experts, ranging from clinicians to molecular biologists, this book discusses new and exciting work in this area and identifies promising new research directions.