Report on the Measurement of the Volume of Streams and the Flow of Water

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Excerpt from Report on the Measurement of the Volume of Streams and the Flow of Water: In the State of New York Under this law observations have been continued during the year at a number of stations at which observations have heretofore been made by voluntary observers, acting under the direction of the United States Geological Survey, and there have also been added other stations. Most of the former stations where observations have been and are still made are located at dams where it has been found that the records were rendered uncertain by the leakage of the dams, the changes in the crests of the dams by flash-boards and by leakages from the flumes and other works connected with the dams. In selecting the new stations, they have been located with a view of avoiding these uncertainties by making observations in unobstructed reaches of the streams where the flow is, so far as possible, uniform and where the flow of water at various stages can be determined by current meters, gauges for the height of stream are set at these points and are observed twice a day by resident observers who record the readings and report them to the central office. There are fifteen of these paid resident observers and they receive an average off $3.50 per month each. One gauge is usually set for a low stage and this is submerged at high-water, when readings are made on another gauge, set for this purpose near the top of the river bank. To determine the mean volume of water passing day by day, it is only necessary to have a skilled observer, with a current meter, visit each station for a few hours at times when the stream is at various heights and thus to determine by observations made with the meter the amounts of water passing for different heights of the gauge reading, the discharge of the stream being fairly constant for a given height on the gauge and increasing in more or less regular ratio as the water-level rises. It will thus be practicable to construct for each stream a table showing the amount of water passing for any given height and thus to obtain, by combining the daily gauge-readings of the local observers with the occasional meter-readings of the skilled observers, a complete record of the flow of the stream. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully, any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.