Rail transport in Switzerland

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Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 40. Chapters: History of rail transport in Switzerland, Zürich S-Bahn, Gotthard Base Tunnel, Rail 2000, Swiss Federal Railways, Simplon Tunnel, SBB-CFF-FFS Ae 6/6, SBB Cargo, List of Swiss tariff networks, Buchli drive, AlpTransit, Käferberg, SBB-CFF-FFS RABDe 12/12, Cobra, CityNightLine, CEVA rail, Gotthard Rail Tunnel, Ceneri Base Tunnel, Léman RER, InterRegio, Regional Bus and Rail Company of Canton Ticino, SBB Cargo International, Hupac, Transports Publics Fribourgeois, Eurovapor, Integra-Signum, Zimmerberg Base Tunnel, La Traction, Integra Signum, Swissmetro, RegioExpress. Excerpt: The construction and operation of Swiss railways during the 19th century was carried out by private railways. The first internal line was a 16 km line opened from Zürich to Baden in 1847. By 1860 railways connected western and northeastern Switzerland. The first Alpine railway to be opened under the Gotthard Pass in 1882. A second alpine line was opened under the Simplon Pass in 1906. In 1901, the major railways were nationalised to form Swiss Federal Railways. During the first half of the twentieth century they were electrified and slowly upgraded. After the Second World War, rail rapidly lost its share of the rail market to road transport as car ownership rose and more roads were built. From 1970, the Federal Government has become more involved in upgrading the railways, especially in urban areas and on trunk routes under the Rail 2000 project. In addition, two major trans-alpine routes - the Gotthard Railway and the Lötschberg approach to the Simplon Tunnel - are being rebuilt under the AlpTransit project. The first line was the extension of the French Strasbourg-Basel Railway (French: Chemin de fer de Strasbourg à Bâle) from Mulhouse to Basel, which was opened to a temporary station outside Basel's walls on 15 June 1844 and to the permanent station on 11 December 1845. This company was taken over by the Chemins de fer de l'Est in 1854. The Rhine Valley Line was opened to the original Basel Baden railway station in 1855. Despite constant discussion it was some time before these line were extended into Switzerland. The first internal line was the 16 km long Swiss Northern Railway (German: Schweizerische Nordbahn, SNB) opened from Zürich to Baden in 1847. The subsequent railways were built by private companies was led by Swiss entrepreneurs, industrialists and bankers. In 1850 the Swiss Federal Council invited two British engineers, Robert Stephenson and Henry Swinburne to draw up plans for a railway network for the Swiss Confederation. They proposed a 645 km netwo