Pulsars

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More than a decade has passed since pulsars were discovered at Cambridge by J. Bell and A. Hewish. The past 13 years have seen ex­ tensive and at first rather hectic research, and a considerable amount of observational and theoretical knowledge has been accumulated. Looking back over one decade of pulsar research, it seems worth­ while to ask what the real impact of the detection was and if our view of the universe has changed as a result of this discovery. The excite­ ment of the first months and years has ebbed down considerably, with the result that pulsar research has become the task of a few scientists, working in small groups, scattered over many countries. As more and more knowledge was acquired, pulsars changed eventually from the bizarre pUlsing objects -- as they were considered in the beginning -- to more normal stars of astrophysical interest. Still, pulsars are the manifestation of matter in its most extreme form -- neutron star matter -- for which an equivalent can be found on earth only in the very nucleus of an atom. Neutron stars were predicted quite early in the history of modern astrophysics, and although many of their features were already known from theoretical studies, astro­ physicists were not sure if we had the slightest chance to actually "see" these objects. It therefore took some time after the historical detection paper of Hewish and coworkers before astronomers became con­ vinced that pulsars were neutron stars.