Predictive Models for Water Quality in Distribution Systems

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There are two groups of specialists involved in the development and application of water quality models, each of which have a different perspective on the use of models: . Academics and scientists-chemistry specialists and microbiologists who develop the models. . Practitioners-modelers and distribution engineers who use them to solve problems. There are limitations and constraints in the characterization of the underlying processes and the practical application of models to distribution networks, which require further research. The objectives of the research were to characterize the current state of predictive distribution system water quality models and to identify critical research needs for their improvement. The project reviewed both the development and application of models. The report is intended to both steer future research and to act as a general reference on water quality modeling. The report combines a literature review with the practical experience of the project team. The content of a draft report was discussed at an international workshop attended by academics, engineers, scientists, and hydraulic modelers with the objective of agreeing on specific research needs necessary to improve predictive modeling for water quality in distribution systems. The conclusions of the report are derived from the workshop and form the basis of 11 specific research briefs that have been submitted to AwwaRF for consideration of funding. The research project provides two significant outputs. The first output is a comprehensive review of the current state of predictive water quality modeling covering water quality processes models for corrosion and metal release, discoloration, disinfectant decay, disinfection by-products, and microbial water quality. Also included in the review are how models can be applied to distribution networks including water quality network models, storage tank models, and zone level models. The second output identifies future research needs including general research needs detailed within the review by topic, and 11 specific research briefs which are considered to address the most urgent needs of the industry (listed above).