Postsocialism and Cultural Politics: China in the Last Decade of the Twentieth Century

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In Postsocialism and Cultural Politics, Xudong Zhang offers a critical analysis of China's "long 1990s, " the tumultuous years between the 1989 Tiananmen Square crackdown and China's entry into the World Trade Organization in 2001. The 1990s were marked by Deng Xiaoping's market-oriented reforms, the Taiwan missile crisis, the Asian financial crisis, and the end of British colonial rule of Hong Kong. Considering developments including the state's cultivation of a market economy, the aggressive neoliberalism that accompanied that effort, the rise of a middle class and a consumer culture, and China's entry into the world economy, Zhang argues that Chinese socialism is not over. Rather it survives as postsocialism, which is articulated through the discourses of postmodernism and nationalism, reflecting the co-existence of multiple modes of production and socio-cultural norms. Highlighting what is unique to China as well as what its recent experiences imply for the wider world, Zhang suggests that Chinese postsocialism illuminates previously obscure aspects of the global shift from modernity to postmodernity. Zhang examines the reactions of intellectuals, authors, and filmmakers to the cultural and political shifts in 1990s China. He offers a nuanced assessment of the changing divisions and allegiances within the intellectual landscape, and he analyzes the socialist realism of the 1990s through readings of Mo Yan's fiction and the films of Zhang Yimou. In his discussion of film, Zhang contrasts styles and politics of the Fifth and Sixth Generation directors. With Postsocialism and Cultural Politics, Zhang offers the same keen insight into China's long 1990s that he brought to bear on the 1980s in Chinese Modernism in the Era of Reforms.