Phenomenological and Scientific Approaches to Consciousness A Study with Special Reference to Jean-Paul Sartre and David Chalmers

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Introduction In this chapter the phenomenological approach to consciousness is discussed. This approach to consciousness is made more popular by Edmund Husserl, who is regarded as the founder of the Western phenomenological tradition. The intentional nature of consciousness is the starting point of the phenomenological tradition. In other words, intentionality is the very essence of consciousness. As an anti-constructivist approach to consciousness phenomenology looks for answer to the question, how can things appear to consciousness and yet not constructed by consciousness? The following issues are highlighted as a prelude to the subjectmatter which is discussed in the subsequent chapters.