Organic Chemistry for Advanced Students, Vol. 2 (Classic Reprint)

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Excerpt from Organic Chemistry for Advanced Students, Vol. 2 A complete knowledge of the structure of the different kinds of atoms and the forces inherent in them would enable us to picture not only the chemical attributes of different substances, but also the atomic and molecular forces which determine their cohesion (capillarity, viscosity, and density) in the liquid state, their crystalline form in the solid condition, their heat of fusion, of vaporisation, and of formation, and their action on light (refraction, rotatory polarisation, absorption, &c., ). But so limited is our knowledge of the nature of the atom that not only are we unable to predict with any degree of confidence any one of the above attributes of the compounds into which the atoms enter, but there are few cases in which these properties have been brought into direct relation in one and the same substance. The reverse process, namely, by observations of the various physical attributes of compounds to connect them with those chemical properties upon which our knowledge of structure mainly rests, has afforded an attractive field for investigation. The application of the process to the study of organic compounds offers unusual advantages from the fact that it is in this domain of chemistry that the determination of structure by chemical methods has been pushed to its farthest extent. Let us consider for a moment how a series of purely empirical observations of physical properties, resting upon no theory of atomic relations, may be made to subserve the study of structure. Suppose a particular physical property of a homologous series of paraffins to be determined, the results must be so formulated that a comparison can be instituted between the molecular effect of the different members of the series. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully, any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.