Mechanical Cultivation of Rice under Puddle and Unpuddle Condition

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Rice is a major crop that is grown in more than 110 countries. The total area planted under rice in India is 44.0 million hectares which is largest in the world against a total area of 156.6 million hectares. The average yield of rice in India is 3.2 tonnes/hectare alone. The reasons for low yield are limited area under irrigation, seasonal shortage of resources and delay in land preparation and transplanting. A study on economics and major constraints in rice cultivation in Kaithal district of Haryana was conducted during 2009-10.Total costs in rice production amounted to be Rs. 33778.68/ha. Average yield was 4.99 t/ha. Benefit-cost ratio worked out to be 1.27. Pests and disease incidence, lack of remunerative price and labour shortage were the major constraints in rice production.