Living Aloft

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CONTENTSAcknowledgmentsChapter I. Living in SpaceBackgroundA Framework for Forecasting Guiding Assumptions Theoretical Orientation The Available DataSpace Environments The Physical Environment The Social Environment Basic Reactions to Space-like Environments Temporal FluctuationsSummary and ConclusionsChapter II. Behavioral and Selection Implications of Biomedical ChangesPhysiological Deconditioning Simulation Studies Resistance to Deconditioning CountermeasuresVestibular Alterations Manifestations and Theory Resistance to Vestibular Effects CountermeasuresVisual ChangesSummary and ConclusionsChapter III. HabitabilityBackgroundThe Physical Environment Interior Space Food Hygiene Temperature and Humidity Decor and Lighting Odor NoiseHealth and Leisure Recreation ExercisePrivacy Meaning and Functions Theory Bases of Needs Mechanisms Crowding Territoriality Privacy in SpaceComplex Effects Multiple Stressors AftereffectsSummary and ConclusionsChapter IV. PerformanceDescribing Performance Work Requirements in Space Human Performance AbilitiesAssessment of Human Performance Discrete-task Assessment Techniques Multiple-task Batteries Partial- and Full-scale Simulation In-flight Performance Assessment Future Focus of Research on Performance AssessmentIssues in Astronaut Work Regimes Factors Affecting Work Capacity Factors Affecting Work Schedules Factors Affecting Workload The Effects of Desynchronosis Sleep DisturbancesSummary and ConclusionsChapter V. Small GroupsIntroductionIndividual Characteristics and Crew Compatibility Gender Age Culture Personal Attractiveness Emotional Stability Competence Cooperativeness Social Versatility Similarities and Complementarities Group Homeostasis Crew Size and Social Compatibility Assembling GroupsInterpersonal Dynamics Leadership Cohesiveness Compliance, Conformity, and Independence Group Performance Temporal DynamicsSummary and ConclusionsChapter VI. CommunicationIntroductionDirect Interpersonal Communication Verbal Communication Nonverbal CommunicationMediated Communication Planning Considerations Systems Requirements Systems Effects Application to SpaceCommunication Networks Internal Communication External CommunicationSummary and ConclusionsChapter VII. CrisesIntroductionExternally Precipitated Crises Experience in Space Individual Response to Threat Group Processes Implications for SpaceInternally Precipitated Crises Psychological Episodes Transcendant Experiences Substance Abuse Grief Crisis Intervention Implications for SpaceSummary and ConclusionsChapter VIII. Organization and ManagementIntroductionSpacecrew Structure Power Structures Work Roles Normative StructuresMotivation Rewards SanctionsExternal Relations Boundary Roles Interorganizational Conflict Models of Conflict Management ReassimilationSummary and ConclusionsChapter IX. Summary and RecommendationsPurposeChapter SummariesDirections for Future Research General Research Issues Extended Spaceflight Variables Competing Perspectives Neglected Research AreasResearch Opportunities Situations and Environments Methods and ApproachesConclusionsReferencesAuthor IndexSubject Index