Kinematics of Mechanisms from the Time of Watt

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Excerpt: ... His six orders were récepteurs (receivers of motion from the prime mover), communicateurs, modificateurs (modifiers of velocity), supports (e.g., bearings), regulateurs (e.g., governors), and operateurs, which produced the final effect. 65 65 Giuseppe Antonio Borgnis, Théorie de la mécanique usuelle in Traité complet de mécanique appliquée aux arts, Paris, 1818, vol. 1, pp. xiv-xvi. The brilliant Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis (1792-1843)--remembered mainly for a paper of a dozen pages explaining the nature of the acceleration that bears his name 66 --was another graduate of the Ecole Polytechnique who wrote on the subject of machines. His book, 67 published in 1829, was provoked by his recognition that the designer of machines needed more knowledge than his undergraduate work at the Ecole Polytechnique was likely to give him. Although he embraced a part of Borgnis' approach, adopting récepteurs, communicateurs, and operateurs, Coriolis indicated by the title of his book that he was more concerned with forces than with relative displacements. However, the attractively simple three-element scheme of Coriolis became well fixed in French thinking. 68 66 Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis, "Memoire sur les equations du mouvement relatif des systèmes de corps, " Journal de l'Ecole Polytechnique, 1835, vol. 15, pp. 142-154. 67 Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis, De Calcul de l'effet des machines, Paris, 1829. In this book Coriolis proposed the now generally accepted equation, work = force × distance (pp. iii, 2). 68 The renowned Jean Victor Poncelet lent weight to this scheme. (See Franz Reuleaux, Theoretische Kinematik: Grundzüge einer Theorie des Maschinenwesens, Braunschweig, 1875, translated by Alexander B. W. Kennedy as The Kinematics of Machinery: Outlines of a Theory of Machines, London, 1876, pp. 11, 487. I have used the Kennedy translation in the Reuleaux references throughout the present work.) Michel Chasles (1793-1880), another graduate of...