Head Neck Cancers In Sudan: Appraisal Of Some Biomarkers

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Head and neck cancers (HN) are considered as the sixth most common cause of death worldwide. In Sudan, HNCs represents 13.5% of all cancers. Tobacco use and alcohol consumption are the main risk factors for head and neck cancers. Other risk factor includes the viral infection, particularly with Human papilloma virus HPV which is responsible of about 20% of oral cancers, 70% of oropharyngeal cancers and 8% of other head and neck cancers. In the present work 96% of HNCs were squamous cell carcinomas and 4% were adenocarcinomas. HPV was detected in 31/200 (15.5%) cases of head and neck tumors (28 (14%) cases malignant and 3 (1.5%) cases benign). Statistically, HPV was significantly associated with head and neck cancers, the p-value=0.032. The majority of HPV was detected in the age group 31-40 years. According to relation between HPV and lesion sites, the most affected sites were oral cavity, esophagus and larynx. The genotyping of HPV with PCR revealed the presence of high risk human papilloma virus HRHPV in six cases of head and neck cancers, including 3/6(50%) cases in the oral cavity and 3/6(50%) cases in the larynx. The detected HRHPV were type 16, 18 and 33.