Handbook of Analytic Philosophy of Medicine

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Medical practice is practiced morality, and clinical research belongs to normative ethics. The present book elucidates and advances this thesis by: 1. analyzing the structure of medical language, knowledge, and theories, 2. inquiring into the foundations of the clinical encounter, 3. introducing the logic and methodology of clinical decision-making, including artificial intelligence in medicine, 4. suggesting comprehensive theories of organism, life, and psyche, of health, illness, and disease, of etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, and therapy, and 5. investigating the moral and metaphysical issues central to medical practice and research. Many systems of (classical, modal, non-classical, probability, and fuzzy) logic are introduced and applied. Fuzzy medical deontics, fuzzy medical ontology, fuzzy medical concept formation, fuzzy medical decision-making and biomedicine and many other techniques of fuzzification in medicine are introduced for the first time.