From Congregation Town to Industrial City

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In 1835, Winston and Salem was a well-ordered, bucolic, and attractive North Carolina town. A visitor could walk up Main Street from the village square and get a sense of the quiet Moravian community that had settled there. Yet, over the next half-century, this idyllic village was to experience dramatic changes. While calling forth images of great factories, mills, and machinery, the industrial revolution involved far more than mere changes in modes of production. The essence of industrialization was nothing less than the full-scale societal transformation of economic, social, and political institutions, as well as the emergence of a new mind-set that brought about new ways of thinking and acting. In this compellingly descriptive account, Michael Shirley examines the case of Salem, a community of artisans and small farmers united, as members of a religious congregation, by a single vision of life. Transformed in just a few decades from an agricultural region into the home of the smokestacks and office towers of the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company and the Wachovia Bank and Trust Company, the Moravian community at Salem offers an illuminating illustration of the changes that swept Southern society in the nineteenth century and the concomitant development in these communities of a new ethos. While providing a wealth of information about the Winston-Salem community specifically, Michael Shirley's book also significantly broadens our understanding of how wholesale changes in the nineteenth-century South redefined the meaning and experience of community. For, by the end of the century, community had an entirely new meaning, namely as a forum in which competing individuals pursued privateopportunities and interests.