Definitions of the Terminology of Educational Measurements (Classic Reprint)

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Excerpt from Definitions of the Terminology of Educational MeasurementsConstant error. A constant error is one which is the same for all members of a given group. This group may be a single class, a school or a group of schools. On the other hand, it may be only a division of a class as, for example, a constant error might affect only the boys in a class. A constant error may be either positive or negative, the only essential characteristic being that it is the same for all members of the group concerned.There are two kinds of constant errors - absolute and relative. An absolute constant error has the same magnitude for all members of the group regardless of the magnitude of their scores. A relative constant error maintains a constant ratio to the magnitude of the measure. Such an error would occur in measuring a linear distance of several yards if the yard stick used was half an inch too short.Control Of testing conditions. Testing conditions include all factors other than a pupil's ability which affect or determine his performance. The most important of these factors are the follow ing: the explanation of the tests to the pupil, the time allowed for his work, the form in which the test is presented, the pupil's physical condition, his emotional status, and the effort which he makes. Testing conditions are said to be controlled when all such factors are made the same for all the pupils taking the test, or if variations occur in any of the factors their amount is known. If the resulting scores are to be compared with the norms for a test, the testing conditions secured should be those for which the norms are stated.Criterion measure. A criterion measure is any measure which may be used as a basis for comparison in order to determine the reliability and validity of the scores yielded by a given test. Teacher's estimates of a pupil's achievement, his school grade, and the composite scores from a number of tests are among the criterion measures that have been used. Occasionally, the scores yielded by one test will be used as a criterion measure for judging the reliability or validity of a new test.About the PublisherForgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.comThis book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully, any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.