Cyclopædia of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol. 10

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Excerpt from Cyclopædia of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol. 10: Diseases of the Female Urethre and Bladder, Diseases of the Vagina The history of our knowledge of the diseases of the female urethra and bladder shows us that, as in so many other branches of human knowledge, there were methods of exploration and treatment known to physicians hundreds and thousands of years ago, which in the course of time were entirely forgotten, to be rediscovered by succeeding generations. Obstetrics and gynecology suffered perhaps more than any other specialties in this respect, and our knowledge of diseases of the urinary apparatus, which was fairly well developed in remote times, shared their lot. Thus for instance, the Cnidian school possessed a fairly accurate knowledge of bladder derangements, they described both acute cystitis and chronic catarrh with ammoniacal decomposition of the urine, and they were aware of the fact that calculi were of less common occurrence in females on account of the short size and the large calibre of their urethræ. They did indeed consider a wound of the bladder as necessarily fatal, but they are said to have practised nephrectomy. The ancient Indians (circa 1000 B.C.), were aware of the occurrence of lithiasis, and practised the urethral or vagino-cystic incision for the extraction of the stone. Erasistratos (304 B.C.), is said to have been the first to employ the catheter, and Soranos (100-150 A.D.), recommended the use of the instrument to increase the efficiency of the expulsive pains. The Talmudists endeavored to cure cystic concretions by solvent injections into the bladder, and Celsus (25-50 A.D.), mentions the frequency of ischuria in the female and the spontaneous evacuation of calculi. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully, any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.