Conditions of Life in the Sea

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Excerpt from Conditions of Life in the Sea: A Short Account of Quantitative, Marine Biological Research Modern oceanographical research has been developed from the work of Murray, Buchanan and Dittmar, which was based on the collections and observations made during the Challenger expedi tion. Cleve and Pettersson then attempted to trace the origin of the water which, from season to season, drifted to the shores of Scandinavia. Knowing that difierent sea-areas were characterised by different facies of microscopic life they endeavoured to press the study of the plankton into the service of hydrography, and hydrography into that of meteorology. Like Hensen's, their object was a restricted one, but the idea involved was so fruitful that a host of investigations sprang from it. To it we owe new determinations of the chemical composition, and the physical properties of sea water, and the invention of beautiful apparatus for the tracing and measurement of ocean currents, as well as the mathematical investigations by Sandstrom, helland-hansen, and d'arcy Thompson of the movements of water-masses in the sea. Then if different plankton types are to be associated with water of different chemical and physical properties the causes are to be sought. Again new investigations were instituted, and the study of the association of changes in the salinity and temperature of the sea, with concomitant changes in the nature and abundance of the plankton, was extended to the study of the migrations and breed ing habits of fishes. Queer side-issues have arisen in the course of these investigations: the study of the physical condition of the particles composing the sea-bottom, for instance, and the association of changes in the viscosity of the sea water with the movements of the plankton. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully, any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.