Characteristicks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times

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Widely regarded as the first exponent of the view that ethics derives, not from reason alone, but from "sentiment", Shaftesbury criticizes not only Locke but especially Hobbes for the dim view that "the state of nature" is "a war of all against all". To the contrary, Shaftesbury argued that human nature responds most fully to representations of the good, the true and the beautiful, and that human beings naturally desire society. In all of these reflections, he provides a large scope for the exercise of individual liberty and responsibility.