Buddhist Art in Its Relation to Buddhist Ideals, With Special Reference to Buddhism in Japan

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Excerpt from Buddhist Art in Its Relation to Buddhist Ideals, With Special Reference to Buddhism in Japan: Four Lectures Given at the MuseumIn Sanskrit and Pali, the vowels are pronounced as in Italian or Spanish, s and s are soft, something like sh in English, d and t are pure lingual consonants, not dental as in English, n is also a pure lingual consonant, - not nasal, th and dh are pronounced like the italicized letters in the phrases 'hit hard' and hard hit' respectively.In Chinese, according to Wade's system of transliteration, a is usually long as in 'father', e short as in 'yet', é, much like the vowel sound in the German 'schon, ' except before n, when it is like the vowel sound in 'sun', ilong as in 'machine, ' except before n, when it is short as in 'pin', 0 not quite so broad as the 'aw' in 'saw', u like the vowel sound in 'too, ' except before n, when it resembles the vowel sound in 'look', it like the French 'u' in 'du', ii, something like the vowel sound in the first syllable of 'surround', on, something like the vowel sound in 'foe', ai as in 'aisle', ei like the vowel sound in 'say', in other vowel combinations each letter retains its original force, ch is hard as in 'church', j is soft like the s in vision', hs approximately like 'sh' in English. The inverted comma in T'ang, Ch'an and other words indicates a gentle aspirate.In Japanese the vowels are sounded as in Italian or Spanish. Each member of a diphthong or other vowel combination retains its original force, and the important distinction between a long and a short vowel results from duration of utterance rather than from any change in sound. The consonants are pronounced approximately as in English. G is hard as in 'give, ' and double consonants should be pronounced really double, as in 'shot - tower' or 'cock-crow.' There is practically no tonic accent, though.About the PublisherForgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.comThis book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully, any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.