Achievement Motivation and Adjustment of Students with respect to Gender and Accommodation

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What is Motivation ? Many people know motivation as the driving force behind an action. This is probably the simplest explanation about motivation. Motivation can be considered the state of having encouragement to do something. Why do people do what they do? Why do we go on every day, living our lives and trying to find justification for our existence? Some people think that they can find purpose in the things that motivate them. Others just se the motivation and react automatically. 1.1.1 Type of Motivation : There are two types of motivation. (i) Primary or Biological motivation (i) Secondary or Psychosocial motivation. The detail descriptions of these two motivations are given below : 1.1.1 Primary or Biological Motivation: This motivation has a definite biologically necessary for survival of the individual. This arouses the behavior of the organism in directions that lead to the required change in internal environment. There are several types of this motivation which are given below. ¿ Hunger ¿ Thirst ¿ Sex ¿ Sleep 4 1.1.2 Secondary or Psychosocial Motivati, Definitions: ¿ "Achievement motivation is the desire to accomplish something difficult, to overcome obstacles and attain a high standard to excel oneself" Murray (1938). ¿ "Achievement Motivation can be defined as a concern for excellence in performance as reflected in competition with the standards set by others or over unique accomplishment or long time involvement" McClelland (1953). ¿ "The achievement motivation is conceived as a latest/talent disposition which is manifested in overt striving only when the individual perceives performance as instrumental to a sense of personal accomplishment" Atkinson and Feather (1966). ¿ "Achievement motivation means a person's orientation to strive for task success, persists in the face of failure and experience pride in accomplishments" Zenen (2002). ¿ "Achievement motivation as the willingness to strive or to succeed at challenging tasks and to meet some high standards of accomplishment" Moreover and Shaffer (2008). 1.1.3 Theories of Motivation : 1.1.3.1 Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs : The Hierarchy of Needs theory was coined by psychologist Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation". The crux of the theory is that individuals' most basic needs must be met before they become motivated to achieve higher level needs.,