1282

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Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 77. Chapters: 1282 births, 1282 deaths, 1282 disestablishments, 1282 establishments, 1282 in Europe, Conflicts in 1282, Nichiren, Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Llywelyn the Last, Pope Innocent VI, Michael VIII Palaiologos, Ceredigion, George Akropolites, Kingdom of Gwynedd, Sicilian Vespers, Principality of Wales, Abaqa Khan, Juan Manuel, Prince of Villena, Uzbeg Khan, Maud Chaworth, Eric, Duke of Södermanland, Wladyslaw Opolski, Elizabeth of Rhuddlan, Thomas de Cantilupe, Blanche of France, Duchess of Austria, Gwenllian of Wales, Agnes of Bohemia, Battle of Orewin Bridge, Engaku-ji, Abû 'Uthmân Sa'îd ibn Hakam al Qurashi, Eleanor de Montfort, Mengu-Timur, City Bridge Trust, Alexios II of Trebizond, Paolo Dagomari di Prato, Alice de la Roche, Hugh de Benin, Joan FitzGerald, Countess of Carrick, Castel Nuovo, Ibn Khallikan, Margaret Sambiria, List of state leaders in 1282, Owain Goch ap Gruffydd, Traidenis, Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer, Trial of the Pyx, Maria of Bytom, Battle of Moel-y-don, Thomas III of Piedmont, Philippe Mouskes, Bernard Ayglerius, Hugh V, Duke of Burgundy, Frederick IV, Duke of Lorraine, Oshin, King of Armenia, Ahmad Fanakati, Battle of Llandeilo Fawr, Clare of Rimini, Robert IV, Count of Dreux, Annibale di Ceccano, Paolo Malatesta, Boroldai, Isabella of Ibelin, Queen of Cyprus, Thomas Bek, Hartmann von Heldrungen, Benvenutus Scotivoli, Hugh dei Lippi Uggucioni, Abuyahia Yarmorasen, Li Shixing, Raoul II Sores, Konoe Iehira, Luke de Tany, 1282 in poetry. Excerpt: Gwynedd (pronounced ) was one petty kingdom of several Welsh successor states which emerged in 5th-century post-Roman Britain in the Early Middle Ages, and later evolved into a principality during the High Middle Ages. It was based on the former Brythonic tribal lands of the Ordovices, Gangani, and the Deceangli which were collectively known as Venedotia in late Romano-British documents. Between the 5th and 13th centuries Gwynedd grew to include Ynys Môn and all of north Wales between the River Dyfi in the south and River Dee (Welsh Dyfrdwy) in the northeast. The Irish sea (Môr Iwerddon) washes the coast of Gwynedd to the west and north and lands formerly part of the Kingdom of Powys border Gwynedd in the south-east. Gwynedd's strength lay in part due to the region's mountainous geography which made it difficult for foreign invaders to campaign in the country and impose their will effectively. Popular tradition attributed to Nennius, a 10th-century Welsh chronicler, traced Gwynedd's foundation to Cunedda. According to Nennius, Cunedda migrated with his sons and followers from Brythonic Lothian, in southern Scotland, in the 5th century. The main court of the Kingdom of Gwynedd was originally at Deganwy Castle, where Maelgwn Gwynedd (died 547) had his stronghold. The senior line of descendants of Rhodri the Great would make Aberffraw on Ynys Mon as their principal seat until 1170. In the thirteenth century, Llywelyn Fawr, his son Dafydd ap Llywelyn and grandson Llywelyn ap Gruffudd had Abergwyngregyn on the north coast as their home. According to John Koch and several other historians, the Latin name "Venedotia" from whence the Welsh name "Gwynedd" comes is derived from the Irish word "Feni", referring at one time to a specific group on the island and later broadening to become a general reference to the Irish people as a whole, the free, nonslave people in particular. The Irish, especially the Laighin, are known...